For readers of the Daily Currency Focus, it should be no surprise that the dollar has continued to weaken. On Wednesday, we said that the actions by the Federal Reserve have cemented the downtrend in the U.S. dollar. Given how currency traders have responded to previous Quantitative Easing threats and announcements, the EUR/USD could realistically hit 1.40 (see charts). Although equities have given back its gains and bond yields have rallied, the moves in the currency and commodity markets indicate that the Fed’s actions will have a lasting impact on the financial markets. As we look forward to more dollar weakness, it is worthwhile to consider how a weaker dollar impacts the global economy.

The U.S. dollar has ended the week lower against all higher yielding currencies as the actions by Washington and leaders of the 20 largest economies have helped to restore risk appetite. USD/JPY which tracks the market’s sentiment broke 100, to trade at the highest level since November. The fate of the dollar in the week ahead will be largely dependent upon whether we are at a turning point in the global recession or if investors have been misled by false expectations.

A bank report that we read this week had an interesting line summarizing investors’ attitude towards the U.S. dollar over the past few months. They said that being long dollars means being long pessimism and we believe that this is a valid description of the recent price action in the currency markets. Today, the dollar weakened against every major currency except for the Japanese Yen. This weakness as baffling as it may seem is more of reflection of the market’s optimism than pessimism because equities are higher and gold prices are lower.

According to the latest Treasury International Capital flow report, foreign investors were net sellers of U.S. investments and U.S. dollars in the month of January.

In an interview to 60 Minutes Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke forecast that US economy will begin to stabilize by the end of the year and stated that the greatest risk to the recovery was lack of political will. “The lesson of history, “ he noted, “ is that you do not get a sustained economic recovery as long as the financial system is in crisis.”

This past week has been marked by recoveries in both the currency and equity markets thanks to better than expected U.S. economic data and reports of profitability from banks. Although the price action that we have seen thus far is still in line with a bear market rally, the move higher has been a breath of fresh air for many investors. For the time being, the downtrend in the EUR/USD has been broken. Even though the currency pair continued to edge higher, it remains to be seen whether the strength can continue. There are a lot of economic data due for release next week, but not before this weekend 3 big event risks – the G20 Meeting, OPEC Meeting and Bernanke’s first ever on-the-record television interview as Fed Chairman.

The Federal Reserve has officially run out of room to cut interest rates. For the first time since August 2007, they left interest rates unchanged at a target range of 0 to 0.25 percent. The dollar rallied because the Fed did the minimum of what was needed to pacify the market, which was to say that they could purchases Treasuries but are not going to do so right now. Currency traders were looking for something more radical such as inflation targeting or a bold announcement that they start buying long term Treasuries in size - which would have been dollar bearish. Interest rates could remain at current levels for the next six months as the central bank focuses on credit easing. The Federal Reserve was pessimistic about the outlook for the US economy and said that inflation could continue to remain weak in the coming quarters.

The US dollar strengthened across the board today following better than expected economic data and more clarity from the Federal Reserve on their plans to stimulate the economy going forward. However the strength of the greenback could be fleeting particularly against the Japanese Yen as the upside surprises in US data masks underlying weakness. The December retail sales report is due for release tomorrow. Even though there is a chance that we may see an upside surprise, consumer spending is still expected to be negative for the sixth consecutive month.