The rally in U.S. equities and the improvement in risk appetite drove the U.S. dollar lower against all higher yielding currencies. Thanks to some extra efforts by the G20 and relaxation of mark to market accounting by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), investors have become more optimistic. However a big event risk lies ahead for the U.S. dollar and it remains to be seen whether the positive sentiment following the G20 and FASB can be sustained. The non-farm payrolls report is traditionally one of the most market moving pieces of data for the foreign exchange market and with the strong possibility of another sharp decline in jobs, it is too early to completely buy into the recovery story (How Could the Dollar React to Non-Farm Payrolls?).

There is a significant chance that in the month of March, U.S. non-farm payrolls fell by the largest amount in 60 years. What this means is that job losses could have exceeded 700k, a figure not seen since the 1940s. Ask any person living in the United States and they will tell you that the labor market is weak and will probably worsen before it improves. Stocks are up but the layoffs announcements have not ended.

The first batch of leading indicators for U.S. non-farm payrolls are in and it appears that there was no relief for the labor market in March. In fact, there is a decent chance that payrolls dropped by the largest amount in more than 60 years. The dollar is appreciating against all higher yielding currencies on the fear that non-farm payrolls will be shockingly weak.

All of the major currencies ended Friday’s trading session virtually unchanged against the US dollar. However the muted performance masks significant intraday volatility. The Euro for example raced to a high of 1.2754 following the US non-farm payrolls release but choked up nearly all of its gains on more uncertainty in the financial market. Similar price action was seen in USD/JPY. The currency pair dropped to a low of 96.58 in the European trading session but after a post payrolls rally it ended the US session above 98. The equity market was not spared from the volatility with the major indices falling to fresh 12 year lows before significant reversals. With no major US economic data near the beginning of the week, fear and uncertainty could lead to more volatility in the currency market.

The EUR/USD rose sharply in Asian and European trade today ahead of the critical US Non Farm Payroll report as currency markets feared that the number could approach 1 million unemployed in the worst reading since 1949. The pair rose to a high of 1.2727 in a bout of short covering ahead of the release before easing slightly below the 1.2700 figure.

As we have promised, trading currencies have become more interesting following the interest rate decisions in Europe. The next 24 hours should prove to be just as exciting for forex traders with the February non-farm payrolls report due for release. The US dollar has rallied significantly ahead of the payrolls report, which is traditionally the single most market moving economic data for the EUR/USD. The cohesive rally in the US dollar and the price of gold along with the sell-off in US equities indicate that risk aversion is the main theme of the day. This also provides a clue on how the dollar could trade following Friday’s non-farm payrolls report (February Non-Farm Payrolls Preview).

There is no question that the US labor market is very weak with job losses expected to extend for the 14th consecutive month. If February non-farm payrolls exceed -450k, then more than 4 million Americans would have lost their jobs since January 2008. The current forecasts for non-farm payrolls are far more pessimistic with analysts predicting a decline of 650k jobs. The US dollar has rallied as risk aversion drags down the higher yielding currency pairs, but if non-farm payrolls surprise to the upside and we that think it will, the dollar may give back some its spectacular gains.

Job losses in the month of February are predicted to be very bad, but the latest service sector ISM data suggests otherwise. Activity in the service sector continued to contract with the non-manufacturing ISM report falling from 42.9 to 41.6.

This morning, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that January was another month of massive job losses. For the third time in a row, more than 500k Americans lost their jobs. The market was looking for payrolls to drop by 540k, but instead they fell by a whopping 598k (Instant Insight on January Non-Farm Payrolls). Yet, currencies and equities traded like non-farm payrolls increased rather than decreased but this baffling response to a very negative number can be easily explained by the prospect of help from Washington.

On Friday, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is expected to tell us that US employers fired another 500k people in the month of January. Surprisingly enough currencies and equities are trading higher ahead of the non-farm payrolls report which suggests that traders are not afraid of a bad number. Everyone knows that the US economy is very weak and major job losses will continue. Since traders are becoming immune to bad data, it may take job losses in the area of 600k to spook them (January Non-Farm Payrolls Preview). Instead, traders are looking beyond Friday’s non-farm payrolls report to the Monday, February 9th speech by US Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner. According to a Treasury official, Geithner is expected to unveil a bank rescue plan next week. This is one of the few things that could strike a meaningful recovery in the currency and equity markets. If traders deem Geithner’s plan as satisfactory, we could see a further recovery in the financial markets despite the fact that the US economy will get worse before it gets better.

Concerns about the US economy are growing as the Dow Jones Industrial Average erases all of its year to date gains, taking the US dollar down with it. The rally that we have seen in the first few days of trading will be difficult to sustain with all of the weak economic data that we expect in this month. Although the US government has thrown a lot of monetary and fiscal stimulus at the US economy, we may not see the fruits of their labor until the second quarter at the earliest. There is a major risk of a sharp drop in this month’s non-farm payrolls, retail sales and fourth quarter GDP reports and only after we have seen the last of depression like numbers can we begin to see a meaningful recovery in the US dollar.