For the second day in a row, the U.S. dollar has appreciated significantly against the Euro and is also trading higher against the New Zealand dollar and Swiss Franc. However, the extent of today’s rally in the greenback basically ends there. The dollar is practically unchanged against the British pound and Australian dollars and is trading lower against the Canadian dollar and Japanese Yen. The 2.3 percent sell-off in U.S. equities coupled with the outperformance of the two lowest yielding G7 currencies indicates that risk aversion is the dominant theme. Yet, with no major U.S. economic data or market moving news over the past 48 hours, traders may be wondering, what changed. As recently as last week, investors were optimistic about a turnaround in the global economy following the more substantial outcome from the G20 meeting.

Currencies and equities have strengthened across the board suggesting that risk appetite may be improving. The dollar, which has been a refuge for safe haven flows, fell against all of the major currencies except for the Japanese Yen. In fact, the rally in USD/JPY has been voracious with the currency pair rising 2.5 percent to an 11 week high. The move today has been driven by a variety of factors, none of which in our opinion are meaningful enough to sustain the rally.

Concerns about the US economy are growing as the Dow Jones Industrial Average erases all of its year to date gains, taking the US dollar down with it. The rally that we have seen in the first few days of trading will be difficult to sustain with all of the weak economic data that we expect in this month. Although the US government has thrown a lot of monetary and fiscal stimulus at the US economy, we may not see the fruits of their labor until the second quarter at the earliest. There is a major risk of a sharp drop in this month’s non-farm payrolls, retail sales and fourth quarter GDP reports and only after we have seen the last of depression like numbers can we begin to see a meaningful recovery in the US dollar.

It has been an exceptionally active year in the foreign exchange market as currency volatilities hit record highs. In the first half of the year, everyone was worried about how much further the dollar would fall but in the second half of the year the concern became how much further the dollar would rise. More specifically, after hitting a record low against the Euro in the second quarter, the US dollar surged to a 2 year high against the currency in the beginning of the fourth quarter. From trough to peak, the dollar index rose more than 23 percent in 2008.